A recent population-based analysis utilizing NHANES 2005–2008 data has revealed a statistically significant association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and osteoporosis (OP) in US adults over the age of 40. The study, published in Scientific Reports, underscores the potential interplay between ocular and systemic degenerative diseases—offering new avenues for interdisciplinary screening and care.
Using data from 4,209 participants with complete fundus photography and bone mineral density (BMD) assessments, the study investigated AMD prevalence in relation to osteoporosis and osteopenia. AMD status was classified using the modified Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System, and BMD was measured at the femur neck and total femur via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
The study found that, among the participants, 426 had AMD (10.1%) and 363 had osteoporosis (8.6%). After adjusting for confounders such as age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, and comorbidities, osteoporosis was associated with a 62% increased risk of AMD. Subgroup analysis revealed that this association was significant in females, but not in males. Lower BMD at both the femur neck and total femur was also correlated with higher AMD prevalence.
These findings indicate that osteoporosis could serve as an early systemic marker for AMD risk, particularly in women. Shared pathophysiological mechanisms – such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired microvascular perfusion – may underpin both conditions.
Given the aging global population and rising burden of both AMD and osteoporosis, the study authors advocate for enhanced screening for AMD in patients – especially women – with diagnosed osteoporosis. Early identification and coordinated management could reduce the long-term visual and systemic morbidity associated with these conditions.
