Objective:

To investigate the relationship between amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations in the aqueous humor and the severity of glaucoma and its subtypes.

Key Findings:

• Aβ₁₋₄₀ and Aβ₁₋₄₂ levels were significantly elevated in PEX and ExG compared to controls.
• Exfoliation glaucoma exhibited the highest Aβ concentrations among all groups.
• Aβ levels correlated strongly across all groups, indicating common regulatory mechanisms.
• Elevated Aβ levels were independent of age and preoperative intraocular pressure.
• Higher Aβ levels correlated with thinner RNFL, particularly for Aβ₁₋₄₀.

Interpretation:

The findings suggest a potential mechanistic link between Aβ toxicity and retinal ganglion cell loss in glaucoma, indicating shared neurodegenerative pathways with Alzheimer's disease.

Limitations:

• The study does not establish causation between Aβ and glaucoma.
• Further research is needed to explore the implications of Aβ as a biomarker for glaucoma.

Conclusion:

The study strengthens the hypothesis that glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease share convergent pathways, suggesting that Aβ could be a biomarker for glaucoma progression and a target for future therapies.