Objective:

To evaluate whether retinal images from routine ROP screening can predict bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension in premature infants.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• The multimodal model for bronchopulmonary dysplasia achieved an AUC of 0.82, outperforming both demographics-only and imaging-only models (0.72 each).
• The imaging-only model for pulmonary hypertension achieved an AUC of 0.91, significantly outperforming the demographics-only model (0.68).
• Adding demographic data did not improve the performance of the multimodal model for pulmonary hypertension (AUC 0.91).

Interpretation:

The study suggests that retinal imaging can provide valuable predictive information for severe cardiopulmonary complications in premature infants, potentially enhancing clinical management.

Limitations:

• Small pulmonary hypertension cohort limits statistical power.
• Lack of external validation across different imaging devices.
• Absence of model explainability analyses.

Conclusion:

Retinal imaging embedded in neonatal care pathways could support earlier identification of infants at high risk for severe cardiopulmonary complications, prompting timely interventions.

Sources:

• JAMA Ophthalmology
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